Nutrients. 2022 Oct 3;14(19):4117. doi: 10.3390/nu14194117.

Camilla Fiorindi ¹, Edda Russo ², Lucrezia Balocchini ¹, Amedeo Amedei ², Francesco Giudici ²

Author information

¹Department of Health Science, AOUC Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy.

²Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a chronic relapsing-remitting condition affecting the gastrointestinal system. The specific triggering IBD elements remain unknown: genetic variability, environmental factors, and alterations in the host immune system seem to be involved. An unbalanced diet and subsequent gut dysbiosis are risk factors, too. This review focuses on the description of the impact of pro- and anti-inflammatory food components on IBD, the role of different selected regimes (such as Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet, Immunoglobulin Exclusion Diet, Specific Carbohydrate Diet, LOFFLEX Diet, Low FODMAPs Diet, Mediterranean Diet) in the IBD management, and their effects on the gut microbiota (GM) composition and balance. The purpose is to investigate the potential positive action on IBD inflammation, which is associated with the exclusion or addition of certain foods or nutrients, to more consciously customize the nutritional intervention, taking also into account GM fluctuations during both disease flare-up and remission.